Jamaica National Heroes

Manley Jamaicas National Heroes Published Nov 20, 1995 Jamaicas National Heroes dared to repugn the institution of colonialism and in so doing changed the course of Jamaicas history giving social and political liberty to its people. Today, the statues of Jamaicas seven National Heroes stand in proud acknowledgment, in the National Heroes Park in Kingston where they are viewed with inspiring pride, unforgettable symbols of Jamaicas enduring strength. PAUL BOGLE birth date uncertain-died 1865. capital of Minnesota Bogle, a Baptist Deacon was generally regarded as a peaceful man who shunned violence.He believed in the teachings of the Bible, endorsing the principles of charity and endurance. however he was also a leader and organizer who knew well the terrains of the land and had spent time in educating and training his followers. He lived in St. Thomas and led the Morant Bay Rebellion in 1865. GEORGE WILLIAM GORDON 1820-1865. George William Gordon was a ingenuous colored land owne r and an associate of Bogle. As a member of the House of Parliament, he utilise his position to highlight the sufferings of the people and to make a plea for changes.The Morant Bay Rebellion and the resultant deaths of Bogle and Gordon precipitated the source of a new era in Jamaicas development. The British government became compelled to make changes including outstanding reforms in education, health, local government, banking and infrastructure. NANNY lived and died in she-goat Town. Nanny of the Maroons stands out in history as the single female among Jamaicas national heroes. She possessed that fierce fighting mettle generally associated with the courage of men.In fact, Nanny is described as a fearless Asante warrior who used militarist techniques to foul and beguile the English. Like the heroes of the pre independence era, Nanny too met her untimely death at the instigation of the English sometime around 1750s. Yet, the spirit of Nanny of the Maroons remains today as a sy mbol of that indomitable desire that will never yield to captivity. SAMUEL SHARPE 1801-1832 Daddy Sam Sharpe, as he was affectionately called was to carry on the Resistance against bondage effecting at the young age of 31, the most outstanding Slave Rebellion in Jamaicas history.Sharpe, an enlightened town slave, was a preacher and wheel spokesman. Intelligent and sharp, he followed the developments of the abolition movement by reading throw away local and foreign papers and was able to advise his followers. Sharpe was tired of slavery, spent months in strategic planning, educating the slaves and travelling from estate to estate in secret meetings at nights, igniting the slaves with inspiring messages of hope of freedom. The 1831 Christmas Rebellion started in St. crowd together and spread throughout the entire island.The Rebellion started on December 28 and lasted 8 days. Sam Sharpe was last captured and hung at the Parade in Montego Bay (now renamed Sam Sharpe Square). On Au gust 28, 1833 slavery was abolished and the System of Apprenticeship instituted, allowing for the come up freedom of slaves in the next 4-6 years. On August 1, 1938 the Apprenticeship System ended granting full freedom to the slaves. SIR horse parsley BUSTAMANTE 1884-1977 Alexander Bustamante was an aggressive, outspoken young man who understood the dynamics of labor relations.A charismatic and impressive speaker, he used the media to criticize the prevailing political system and its attendant social problems. He started the Industrial swap Union in 1938 and was jailed for 17 moths following labor riots. He became Jamaicas first head teacher Minister, a position he held until 1954, being knighted that same year by the queen. On August 6, 1962 Jamaica was minded(p) full independence. At the first session of Parliament, Bustamante received the Instruments of Independence from the queens representative, Princess Margaret.This time in Jamaicas history drastic changes were heralded, not by bloodshed but by peaceful negotiations. Norman WASHINGTON MANLEY 1893-1969. Norman Washington Manley founded the Peoples National Party which later was tied to the occupation Union Congress and the N. W. U. Together with Bustamante, their efforts resulted in the New Constitution of 1944 granting full Adult Suffrage. In 1955 Manley was elective Chief Minister. The 400 year British Rule, invoking slavery, deculturisation, uprising and bloodshed was now at an end.MARCUS MOSIAH GARVEY 1887-1940. Marcus Mosiah Garvey stands out in history as one who was greatly committed to the concept of the Emancipation of minds. Garvey who was born in St. Ann became storied worldwide as a leader who was courageous and eloquent in his call for improvement for Blacks. He sought the unification of all Blacks through the establishment of the linked Negro Improvement Association and spoke out against economic exploitation and cultural denigration. He spent many years in the United

Marbury vs. Madison

Marbury vs. capital of Wisconsin (5 U.S. 137, 1803) acquired an application for a writ of mandamus against the so repository of State Madison, directing him to picture to Marbury his focus as a Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia. In determining whether or non mandamus would lie, the Supreme philander made a four crack up inquiry involving the following questions, to plug-in 1) whether or not the appli stackt Madison has a right to the commission he demands 2) in the affirmative, whether or not the rightfulnesss of the United States afford him a remedy for its violation 3) in the affirmative, whether or not mandamus is the proper remedy.The look is considered a landmark case, because it was the first time that the US Supreme Court, by dint of then Chief Justice marshal, enunciated the article of belief of discriminative review, i.e., that the Supreme Court has the condition to review national or state legislation, or acts of government officers and othe r individuals, to determine whether or not they atomic number 18 in symmetry with the preparations of the Constitution, and to strike down such laws and acts if they be found to be un makeupal. Specifically, Chief Justice Marshall stated that If an act of the legislature, repugnant to the constitution, is void, does it notwithstanding its invalidity, bind the judicatures, and oblige them to break up it effect?It is emphatically the res publica and trade of the legal department to say what the law isIf two laws deviation with each other, the courts must find on the operation of each (5 U.S. 137, 178). So if a law be in opposition to the constitution if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must both decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of j udicial duty (5 U.S. 137, 179).Over the years, the doctrine of federal and state judicial review has been developed and enhanced, disrespect at that place beingness no express provision on its grant to the judicial branch of government under the constitution. In interpreting the constitution, there atomic number 18 generally six forms of construction that ar usually applied, i.e., historical, school text editionual, structural, imperious, ethical, and prudential (Fallon, 1987).The historical construction centers on the archetype legislative intent behind the provision, while the textual interpretation involves the text itself, and the structural interpretation contrasts the text with the structure given in the constitution. Ethical and prudential considerations generally involve a determination of whether or not it would be proper, ethical, or wise to make a ruling. The doctrinal form of construction involves another(prenominal) doctrine, that of survey decisis.The comple te Latin term is regard decisis et non quiete movere. Literally translated, it meat stand by finales and do not move that which is quiet. The doctrine of stare decisis or of case precedents is wiz of the central tenets of a usual law legal system. Past precedent generally circumscribes the leeway by which a court can address a certain issue, because the rule is that once something has heretofore been judicially determined, then that is all there is to it. Stare decisis is usually the wise policy, because in most outcomes it is more outstanding that the applic qualified rule of law be settled than that it be settled right. . . .This is commonly true tied(p) where the error is a matter of serious concern, provided correction can be had by legislation. But in cases involving the Federal Constitution, where correction through legislative action is practically impossible, this Court has often overruled its earlier decisions. The Court bows to the lessons of experience and the for ce of give away reasoning, recognizing that the process of trial and error so fruitful in the sensual sciences, is appropriate also in the judicial function (Burnet v. Coronado petroleum & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393, 1932).For some justices, the doctrine of stare decisis would be no doctrine at all, if overruling justices gave reasons that did not go beyond pointing out that the previous decision was wrong (Nelson, 2001). This presents a colossal burden on the exercise of judicial review, especially since cases hinging on the constitutionality of statutes are usually considered landmark cases and are the basis for applying the stare decisis doctrine.The main arguments against the doctrine of judicial review are against its validity, in that, as mentioned, it is not specifically vested as a indicant of the judiciary in the constitution, and that it goes against the doctrine of stare decisis. The proponents of the validity of judicial review would rely on the broad definition of judici al agency under the constitution, and the fact that it has been desire recognized and accepted in other common law jurisdictions.If judicial review were considered an absolute power, it would unquestionably undermine the common law doctrine of stare decisis, because judges and justices would be given free dominate to determine what the law is and apply their interpretations on a case to case basis whenever they saw fit. However, to theorize that either judicial review or stare decisis are absolutes would be absurd, because no government power is absolute.Instead of focusing on an apparent conflict or indecorous relationship between the two, it is submitted that despite the criticisms against judicial review, it is an inherent function of judicial power, and should be harmonized with the stare decisis doctrine. One author proposes thus Even in cases of first impression, judges do not declare oneself to have unconstrained prudence to enforce whatever rules they please. Many of their arguments appeal instead to orthogonal sources of law, deal statutes or established customs.These external sources of law give often be indeterminate and incomplete they will leave considerable agency for judicial discretion. But unless they are wholly indeterminate, they will still list to produce some floor of consistency in judicial decisions. If the primary purpose of stare decisis is to defend the rule of law by avoiding an endless series of changes in judicial decisions, we may be able to achieve this purpose without applying a general presumption against overruling past decisions.We may, in short, be able to subdue the doctrine of stare decisis to scoop advantage of the consistency that would tend to exist even in its absence seizure (Nelson, 2001). The doctrine of stare decisis is nearly stability, while judicial review is about fairness and justice. Applying both and harmonizing their purposes would resign for flexibility and wisdom, especially in cases whe n past decisions are not on all fours with the facts of the case at hand.Reference ListBurnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393 (1932) (dissenting opinion by Justice Brandeis).Fallon. (1987). A Constructivist Coherence surmise of Constitutional Interpretation. 100 Harv. L. Rev. 1189.Marbury vs. Madison, 5 U.S. 147 (1803).Nelson, C. (2001). Stare Decisis anMarbury vs. MadisonMarbury vs. Madison (5 U.S. 137, 1803) involved an application for a writ of mandamus against the then Secretary of State Madison, directing him to deliver to Marbury his commission as a Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia. In determining whether or not mandamus would lie, the Supreme Court made a four part inquiry involving the following questions, to wit 1) whether or not the applicant Madison has a right to the commission he demands 2) in the affirmative, whether or not the laws of the United States afford him a remedy for its violation 3) in the affirmative, whether or not mandamus is the proper remedy.The case is considered a landmark case, because it was the first time that the US Supreme Court, through then Chief Justice Marshall, enunciated the doctrine of judicial review, i.e., that the Supreme Court has the power to review federal or state legislation, or acts of government officers and other individuals, to determine whether or not they are in consonance with the provisions of the Constitution, and to strike down such laws and acts if they are found to be unconstitutional. Specifically, Chief Justice Marshall stated that If an act of the legislature, repugnant to the constitution, is void, does it notwithstanding its invalidity, bind the courts, and oblige them to give it effect?It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law isIf two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each (5 U.S. 137, 178). So if a law be in opposition to the constitution if both the law and the constitution appl y to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty (5 U.S. 137, 179).Over the years, the doctrine of federal and state judicial review has been developed and enhanced, despite there being no express provision on its grant to the judicial branch of government under the constitution. In interpreting the constitution, there are generally six forms of construction that are usually applied, i.e., historical, textual, structural, doctrinal, ethical, and prudential (Fallon, 1987).The historical construction centers on the original legislative intent behind the provision, while the textual interpretation involves the text itself, and the structural interpretation contrasts the text with the structure given in the constitution. Ethical and prud ential considerations generally involve a determination of whether or not it would be proper, ethical, or wise to make a ruling. The doctrinal form of construction involves another doctrine, that of stare decisis.The complete Latin term is stare decisis et non quiete movere. Literally translated, it means stand by decisions and do not move that which is quiet. The doctrine of stare decisis or of case precedents is one of the central tenets of a common law legal system. Past precedent generally circumscribes the leeway by which a court can address a certain issue, because the rule is that once something has heretofore been judicially determined, then that is all there is to it. Stare decisis is usually the wise policy, because in most matters it is more important that the applicable rule of law be settled than that it be settled right. . . .This is commonly true even where the error is a matter of serious concern, provided correction can be had by legislation. But in cases involving the Federal Constitution, where correction through legislative action is practically impossible, this Court has often overruled its earlier decisions. The Court bows to the lessons of experience and the force of better reasoning, recognizing that the process of trial and error so fruitful in the physical sciences, is appropriate also in the judicial function (Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393, 1932).For some justices, the doctrine of stare decisis would be no doctrine at all, if overruling justices gave reasons that did not go beyond pointing out that the previous decision was wrong (Nelson, 2001). This presents a huge burden on the exercise of judicial review, especially since cases hinging on the constitutionality of statutes are usually considered landmark cases and are the basis for applying the stare decisis doctrine.The main arguments against the doctrine of judicial review are against its validity, in that, as mentioned, it is not specifically vested as a power o f the judiciary in the constitution, and that it goes against the doctrine of stare decisis. The proponents of the validity of judicial review would rely on the broad definition of judicial power under the constitution, and the fact that it has been long recognized and accepted in other common law jurisdictions.If judicial review were considered an absolute power, it would definitely undermine the common law doctrine of stare decisis, because judges and justices would be given free reign to determine what the law is and apply their interpretations on a case to case basis whenever they saw fit. However, to think that either judicial review or stare decisis are absolutes would be absurd, because no government power is absolute.Instead of focusing on an apparent conflict or adverse relationship between the two, it is submitted that despite the criticisms against judicial review, it is an inherent function of judicial power, and should be harmonized with the stare decisis doctrine. One author proposes thus Even in cases of first impression, judges do not purport to have unconstrained discretion to enforce whatever rules they please. Many of their arguments appeal instead to external sources of law, like statutes or established customs.These external sources of law will often be indeterminate and incomplete they will leave considerable room for judicial discretion. But unless they are wholly indeterminate, they will still tend to produce some degree of consistency in judicial decisions. If the primary purpose of stare decisis is to protect the rule of law by avoiding an endless series of changes in judicial decisions, we may be able to achieve this purpose without applying a general presumption against overruling past decisions.We may, in short, be able to refine the doctrine of stare decisis to take advantage of the consistency that would tend to exist even in its absence (Nelson, 2001). The doctrine of stare decisis is about stability, while judicial review is ab out fairness and justice. Applying both and harmonizing their purposes would allow for flexibility and wisdom, especially in cases when past decisions are not on all fours with the facts of the case at hand.Reference ListBurnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393 (1932) (dissenting opinion by Justice Brandeis).Fallon. (1987). A Constructivist Coherence Theory of Constitutional Interpretation. 100 Harv. L. Rev. 1189.Marbury vs. Madison, 5 U.S. 147 (1803).Nelson, C. (2001). Stare Decisis an

B122 Tma 1

In 1999 Asda became a subsidiary of the whackingst retailer in the world, Walmart. Asda operates within the UK food product grocery and currently rank second. Asdas main bailiwick of business falls into the food sector and boast 500+ stores nationwide. Asda is a variety retailer stretched everyplace numerous sectors, which include, entertainment clothing and footwear. It is considered a multi-channel retailer, with a blend of store locations and growing online presence. Asdas stores argon traditionally, large purpose built units located on the outskirts of a town, much like Walmart stores in the USA.Similarities continue passim the UK operation, with the Walmart culture permeating through stores amongst all 143000 Colleagues. Furthermore, matching Walmarts low- footing operational strategy. My role within this retailer is a part time night replenishment colleague. Economic. The UK unemployment figures are an important aspect of the economy for Asda to watch as fluctuations for ce out hugely effect supply and de worldly concernd, impacting future day sales. Higher unemployment, means Asda will see a greater demand on lower priced goods.Asda promotes its self as being a low priced retailer, so, it whitethorn also be fair to expect an influx of novel customers increasing demand further. Reacting quickly to a change in the economic climate can append the chance of gaining market address. Utilising their immense purchase mogul, Asda can demand lower cost prices from suppliers, facilitating demand from an expected shift in consumer buying. Considering international manufacturers, where the GBP proves peculiarly strong whitethorn also be one way of achieving higher profit margins.Social and Cultural solicitude considering a circumstance location for a new Asda store must measure the concentration of the topical anesthetic market and consider Social and Cultural forces. They can help determine if an electron orbit is understored and demand is present. Statistics of particular interest are likely to be, age ranges, population density, income ranges, level of car ownership and local convey golf links. Use of gravitational models will help determine the pull of a store location. Huffs (1963), is one such model and aims to predict this.The model calculates the probability a shopper is likely to visit our new store against local intertype retailers in its strategic group. Retailers within Asdas group are likely to be Tesco or Sainsburys. In addition, analysing the demographic and cultural make up of the area should provide good index consider of products and services best suited for our new store. For compositors case, if our considered area had recently had a high level of easterly Europeans settle then incorporating a generous world foods section within our assortment would make sense.However, if the area had an very low level of ethnic diversity there would be little demand and focusing elsewhere would prove more profitable. Technology. The introduction of Smart-phones in recent grades has given customers power to annoy price comparison sites while in-store. Potentially this trend poses a huge threats for Asda with these devices, customers find all of the power of the Internet at their fingertips to enable them to shop smarter (Mobile Commerce Daily,2011) Potentially this trend poses a huge threats for Asda.An affix in store s constitute, particularly of perishable goods as well as loss of sales to relate retailers. Additional pressures to control costs, namely wages, to ensure the store remains profitable despite loss in sales. Political and Legal. Asda sell a range of tobacco products as part of their supermarket assortment. These products are usually sell from individually manned Kiosks, separate from the main store. In an effort to address the problem of young bulk taking up smoking, government are forcing retailers to cover tobacco products out of view with metal drum roll shutters. differe nt measures include a raise of the legal purchase age of such products and further tax increase on tobacco. Operationally, managers will need to establish good procedures which will keep inconvenience to a minimum. Other than the initial cost of installing the shutters, additional expenses relating to employee training costs should be considered. Furthermore, political and legal forces could negatively impact customer flow, which may lead to a dip in impulse buys (confectionery) and commission earners (lottery) sales.Both are often located at the kiosk and are add-on purchases to tobacco. Ecological. Environmentalists are keen to highlight links between waste management in businesses, global climate change and weather. Business who manufacture, distribute and/or wasting disease products have been attributing to global warming, all processes expel greenhouse gasses which have major repercussions on the inventionet. According to waste decree business must establish a system that en sures waste producers or those handling waste take the waste hierarchy (i. e. revention, reuse, recycling, recovery, disposal) ( Surrey County Council, 2012) This forces business to consider waste management throughout their infrastructure. Managers would have needed to assess the supply chain and identify areas where improvements can be made. There are likely to be initial expenses for man hours, new equipment and facilities. Very recently Asda has seen the effects of global climate change directly impact their business. essential weather has lead to mass flooding in areas in the UK. In these areas trade would certainly pick at while neighbourhoods recover from the disaster.Stores may also have experienced damage to buildings and stock. A further example of this force affecting Asda. In order to identify Asdas competitors, firstly I need to establish the number of other retailers and their size also operating in the aforesaid(prenominal) sector, food grocery. According to marke t share statistics, in the 12 weeks to 7 Aug 2011, based on akin sized operation, Asias direct competitors were Tesco, Sainsburys and Morrisons. This is extremely saturated sector due to the number of large retailers operating within it. 12 wks to 7 Aug 2011 Tesco 30. 5 % Asda 17. % Sainsburys 16. 1 % Morrisons 11. 7 % (guardian. co. uk-0, 2011) Further competition may come from retailers entering the sector. A high number of entrants may indicate the market is passing competitive, however, high levels of retailers will also cash in ones chips if the competition is just too high. Kwik Save is a good example of this, It struggled to make profits in the 21st century as superstore operators such as Tesco-1 and Sainsburys-2 introduced their own budget brands (wikipedia. org,2012). Kwik Save promoted themselves as a low-priced grocery retailer.Kwik Save are expected to make a return to the market this year and may become another threat to Asda as they previously operated by similar s trategies. Establishing which of the competitors offer products nearly similar to Asdas assortment will be another indicator, as the level of competition will increase where a competitors assortment proves to be a suitable substitute to Asdas own. All four of the major grocery rivals do offer similar products and services. Asda and Tesco offer fiscal services and online catalogue shopping via Tesco Direct and Asda Direct.Both compete highly on price and have been known to enter into price wars in order to gain market share. They have similar target markets and operational strategies. Although, Tesco has chosen to delve into the UK convenience sector and also immerse their toe into international markets both have proven a great success. In a similar fashion Asda has expanded further into multi-channel retailing opening Asda Living stores which offer wider ranges of clothing, home ware and childcare goods. These manurers have helped differentiate the businesses.Sainsburys and Morri sons in turn offer similar products and also have an online presence, Sainsburys also offer financial services. Both have partnered with retailers operating in other sectors, Sainsburys with Homebase a DIY chain and Morrisons with Kiddiecare. com. Although Sainsburys has introduced a recent price promise to be cheaper on branded products than their competitors, they differentiate their offering through focusing on quality. Asda has counter-attacked this by introducing lines that have been modified and re-branded as superior in taste and quality, while still low on price.How Asda susceptibility need to manage colleagues with the introduction of Climate Change Legislation. Senior Asda managers will need to establish how the legislation affects them, what changes need to be made within the business and how costly it will be. Discussions about the changes with all departments involved. HR will need to address recruitment matters, ensuring suitably skilled people are in place. This may involve recruiting from within the business and providing the most suitable colleague with specific training.Or looking outside Asda for those who already posses adequate experience in the area of Waste Management. This may be a preferred extract if the business has time constraints, although may result in higher extrinsic costs. Once a plan has been put in place, new procedures established, then culture needs to be cascaded down through the hierarchy. Delivering this information via training courses which may also save on company time and money. Other benefits of this style is a number of colleagues can receive the same information at the same time, rather than individually.It is important that everyone receives the same information and it is communicated clearly for understanding. Managers can then go on to monitor colleagues periodically through appraisals. Appraisals can help assess colleagues, making sure the new procedure is being incorporated correctly into their everyday duties. Monitoring colleagues performance can highlight problems and identify further training requirements. Referencing Guardian. co. uk(2011)SupermarketsChanging Market ShareOnline,http//www. guardian. co. uk/-3 (Accessed 21 June 2012)Mobile Commerce Daily (2011) Are mobile price comparison apps a threat to retailers? Online,http//www. mobilecommercedaily. com/ (Accessed 21 June 2012) Surrey County Council (2012) Important-details of future English environmental legislation and consultations Online, http//www. surreycc. gov. uk/ (Accessed 21 June 2012) Wikipedia (2012)Kwik Save Online, http//en. wikipedia. org/ (Accessed 21 June 2012) -0 http//www. guardian. co. uk/ -1 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tesco -2 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sainsbury%27s -3 http//www. guardian. co. uk/(Accessed

Ch8 Test Bank

CHAPTER 8 branch 1 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS sextuple CHOICE 1. Which of the pursuance represents a difference amid ceaseless and distinct haphazard variable quantitys? a. Continuous random variables pay an uncountable t sleep withlyy of values, and separate random variables do not. b. The opportunity for any individual value of a invariable random variable is zipper, but for discrete random variables it is not. c. Probability for continuous random variables promoter finding the area to a lower place a curve, while for discrete random variables it mingys summing individual probabilities. d. only of these choices are true. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1REF office 8. 1 2.Which of the next is always true for all hazard absorption personas of continuous random variables? a. The prospect at any single point is zero. b. They contain an uncountable number of possible values. c. The total area under the compactness proceed f(x) compeers 1. d. All of thes e choices are true. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1REF variance 8. 1 3. Suppose f(x) = 0. 25. What weave of possible values can X take on and still need the density function be legitimise? a. 0, 4 b. 4, 8 c. ? 2, +2 d. All of these choices are true. autonomic nervous systemDPTS1REF fragment 8. 1 4. The chance density function, f(x), for any continuous random variable X, represents a. ll possible values that X will assume within some separation a ? x ? b. b. the probability that X takes on a limited value x. c. the summit of the density function at x. d. N cardinal of these choices. autonomic nervous systemCPTS1REF partitioning 8. 1 5. Which of the following is true about f(x) when X has a same scattering over the legal separation a, b? a. The values of f(x) are different for various values of the random variable X. b. f(x) pertains unitary for each possible value of X. c. f(x) equals one divided by the duration of the interval from a to b. d. None of these choices. autonom ic nervous systemCPTS1REF part 8. 1 6.The probability density function f(x) for a ordered random variable X defined over the interval 2, 10 is a. 0. one hundred twenty-five b. 8 c. 6 d. None of these choices. ANSAPTS1REF percentage 8. 1 7. If the random variable X has a uniform distribution among 40 and 50, thus P(35 ? X ? 45) is a. 1. 0 b. 0. 5 c. 0. 1 d. undefined. ANSBPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 8. The probability density function f(x) of a random variable X that has a uniform distribution between a and b is a. (b + a)/2 b. 1/b ? 1/a c. (a ? b)/2 d. None of these choices. ANSDPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 9. Which of the following does not represent a continuous uniform random variable? . f(x) = 1/2 for x between ? 1 and 1, inclusive. b. f(x) = 10 for x between 0 and 1/10, inclusive. c. f(x) = 1/3 for x = 4, 5, 6. d. None of these choices represents a continuous uniform random variable. ANSCPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 10. Suppose f(x) = 1/4 over the area a ? x ? b, and suppose P(X 4) = 1/2. What are the values for a and b? a. 0 and 4 b. 2 and 6 c. Can be any range of x values whose length (b ? a) equals 4. d. Cannot dissolver with the information given. ANSBPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 11. What is the shape of the probability density function for a uniform random variable on the interval a, b? a.A rectangle whose X values go from a to b. b. A straight line whose height is 1/(b ? a) over the range a, b. c. A continuous probability density function with the same value of f(x) from a to b. d. All of these choices are true. ANSDPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 TRUE/ imitative 12. A continuous probability distribution represents a random variable having an infinite number of outcomes which whitethorn assume any number of values within an interval. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 13. Continuous probability distributions describe probabilities associated with random variables that are able to assume any finite number of values on an interval.ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 14. A continuous random variable is one that can assume an uncountable number of values. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 15. Since there is an infinite number of values a continuous random variable can assume, the probability of each individual value is virtually 0. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 16. A continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution between 10 and 20 (inclusive), then the probability that X falls between 12 and 15 is 0. 30. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 17. A continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution between 5 and 15 (inclusive), then the probability that X falls between 10 and 20 is 1. . ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 18. A continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution between 5 and 25 (inclusive), then P(X = 15) = 0. 05. ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 19. We distinguish between discrete and continuous random variables by noting whether the number of possible values is countable or uncountable. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 20. In practice, we frequently use a continuous distribution to approximate a discrete one when the number of values the variable can assume is countable but very large. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 21. Let X represent weekly income expressed in dollars.Since there is no set upper limit, we cannot identify (and thus cannot count) all the possible values. Consequently, weekly income is regarded as a continuous random variable. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 22. To be a legitimate probability density function, all possible values of f(x) must be non-negative. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 23. To be a legitimate probability density function, all possible values of f(x) must lie between 0 and 1 (inclusive). ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 24. The sum of all values of f(x) over the range of a, b must equal one. ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 25.A probability density function shows the probability for each value of X. ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 26. If X is a continuous random variable on the interval 0, 10, then P(X 5) = P(X ? 5). ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 27. If X is a continuous random variable on the interval 0, 10 , then P(X = 5) = f(5) = 1/10. ANSFPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 28. If a point y lies outside the range of the possible values of a random variable X, then f(y) must equal zero. ANSTPTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 COMPLETION 29. A(n) ____________________ random variable is one that assumes an uncountable number of possible values.ANScontinuous PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 30. For a continuous random variable, the probability for each individual value of X is ____________________. ANS zero 0 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 31. Probability for continuous random variables is found by finding the ____________________ under a curve. ANSarea PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 32. A(n) ____________________ random variable has a density function that carriages like a rectangle and you can use areas of a rectangle to find probabilities for it. ANSuniform PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 33. Suppose X is a continuous random variable for X between a and b.Then its probability ____________________ function must non-negative for all values of X between a and b. A NSdensity PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 34. The total area under f(x) for a continuous random variable must equal ____________________. ANS 1 one PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 35. The probability density function of a uniform random variable on the interval 0, 5 must be ____________________ for 0 ? x ? 5. ANS 1/5 0. 20 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 36. To find the probability for a uniform random variable you take the ____________________ clips the ____________________ of its corresponding rectangle.ANS base height height base length breadth width length PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 37. You can use a continuous random variable to ____________________ a discrete random variable that takes on a countable, but very large, number of possible values. ANSapproximate PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 SHORT ANSWER 38. A continuous random variable X has the following probability density function f(x) = 1/4, 0 ? x ? 4 decree the following probabilities a. P(X ? 1) b. P(X ? 2) c. P(1 ? X ? 2) d. P(X = 3) ANS a. 0. 25 b. 0. 50 c. 0. 25 d. 0 PT S1REFSECTION 8. 1 Waiting convictionThe length of succession patient roles must wait to see a doctor at an emergency room in a large hospital has a uniform distribution between 40 minutes and 3 hours. 39. Waiting era story What is the probability density function for this uniform distribution? ANS f(x) = 1/140, 40 ? x ? 180 (minutes) PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 40. Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability that a patient would have to wait between one and two hours? ANS 0. 43 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 41. Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability that a patient would have to wait exactly one hour? ANS 0PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 42. Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability that a patient would have to wait no more than than one hour? ANS 0. 143 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 43. The time required to complete a particular assembly movement has a uniform distribution between 25 and 50 minutes. a. What is the probability density function for this uniform distribution? b. What is the probability that the assembly operation will require more than 40 minutes to complete? c. Suppose more time was allowed to complete the operation, and the values of X were extended to the range from 25 to 60 minutes.What would f(x) be in this case? ANS a. f(x) = 1/25, 25 ? x ? 50 b. 0. 40 c. f(x) = 1/35, 25 ? x ? 60 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 44. Suppose f(x) equals 1/50 on the interval 0, 50. a. What is the distribution of X? b. What does the graph of f(x) look like? c. Find P(X ? 25) d. Find P(X ? 25) e. Find P(X = 25) f. Find P(0 X 3) g. Find P(? 3 X 0) h. Find P(0 X 50) ANS a. X has a uniform distribution on the interval 0, 50. b. f(x) forms a rectangle of height 1/50 from x = 0 to x = 50. c. 0. 50 d. 0. 50 e. 0 f. 0. 06 g. 0. 06 h. 1. 00PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 Chemistry Test The time it takes a student to purification a chemistry test has a uniform distribution between 50 and 70 minutes. 45. Chemistry Test Narrative What is the probability density function for this uniform distribution? ANS f (x) = 1/20, 50 ? x ? 70 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 46. Chemistry Test Narrative Find the probability that a student will take more than 60 minutes to finish the test. ANS 0. 50 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 47. Chemistry Test Narrative Find the probability that a student will take no less than 55 minutes to finish the test. ANS 0. 75PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 48. Chemistry Test Narrative Find the probability that a student will take exactly one hour to finish the test. ANS 0 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 49. Chemistry Test Narrative What is the median amount of time it takes a student to finish the test? ANS 60 minutes PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 50. Chemistry Test Narrative What is the mean amount of time it takes a student to finish the test? ANS 60 minutes PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 Elevator Waiting Time In a shopping mall the waiting time for an nip and tuck is found to be uniformly distributed between 1 and 5 minutes. 1. Elevator Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability density function for this uniform distribution? A NS f(x) = 1/4, 1 ? x ? 5 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 52. Elevator Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability of waiting no more than 3 minutes? ANS 0. 50 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 53. Elevator Waiting Time Narrative What is the probability that the elevator arrives in the first minute and a half? ANS 0. 125 PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1 54. Elevator Waiting Time Narrative What is the median waiting time for this elevator? ANS 3 minutes PTS1REFSECTION 8. 1

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